Sustainable development - sometimes known as sustainability, though the former is more appropriately recognised as a process and the latter as a goal - is a topical concept that gained traction at the United Nation's World Commission on Environment and Development. The commission defined sustainable development in its Brundtland Report Our Common Home as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs." In essence, the concept strives to protect and promote social goals for harmonious coexistence. Leaders at the commission recognised the abuse on environment through the conquest and exploitation of natural resources was having a direct impact on human flourishment; it became relevant then to reconcile this abuse at the time with a definition that would pave the way for sustainable practices to secure needs for future generations.
The concept of sustainability is not foreign to Catholic teaching. The late pope Francis echoes this thought in his encyclical on Laudato Si on numerous occasions. He reminds us time and again throughout his letter that care for the natural environment is incompatible to the justification of abortion, and that the earth's exploitation has a proportional impact on the poor and the vulnerable. He is simply reiterating his predecessor, Benedict XVI, who said, "the way humanity treats the environment influences the way it treats itself, and vice versa." Before their time, John Paul II likened our response to care for creation as a moral issue threatening human peace if left unchecked. When explored more deeply we find that sustainability is a moral demand rather than optional because it is deeply relational. When we neglect care for the earth, we have a negative impact on the lives our brothers and neighbours, and, when we take ownership of caring for the earth, we preserve the human goods for a better life.
While the Church and global institutions have taken clear positions on sustainability, the question remains whether Jesus engaged this concern. Although scholarship have shown how the Christian ethics supports sustainable practices, little attention has been given to sustainability within the lived experience of Jesus. The multiplications of the loaves and fish in Matthew, Mark and John's Gospels give a compelling example. After feeding the crowd, Jesus instructs his disciples to gather what remains so that nothing is wasted. Waste is significant to sustainability, as in his later works Pope Francis links environmental degradations to a throwaway culture and overconsumption rooted in individualism. Although Jesus appears resourceful, a detailed reading underscores him as the true source of sustenance. In Matthew and Mark, Jesus feeds the crowd through the assistance of the disciples, whereas in John they do not appear to have a role. Despite the disciples Philip and Andrew stressed scant means to feed such a large crowd only Jesus miraculously produced bread and fish superabundantly without waste, presenting him as the definitive model for sustainable development.
Jesus’ concern for sustainability is especially evident in his teaching on the indissolubility of marriage. Marriage breakdown carries profound social, economic, and environmental consequences, a reality confirmed by modern research. Children from divorced families experience higher levels of emotional insecurity, mental health challenges, substance abuse, and risky behaviour than those from intact households. They are also more likely to experience instability in intimate relationships later in life. One study found that 60% of participants attributed their reluctance toward lifelong marriage to their parents’ divorce. These outcomes highlight the long-term human costs of marital dissolution.
The environmental impact of divorce is also significant. Divorce often requires the creation of additional households, increasing land use and placing pressure on natural habitats, leading to biodiversity loss and ecological displacement. As separation rates rise, so too does the demand for housing, furnishings, and appliances. While second-hand options exist, consumer preference frequently favours new goods, driving manufacturing, resource depletion, and higher energy consumption. Research by Liu and Yu (2003) found that divorced households in the United States consumed 42–61% more water, land, and energy per person than married households. They estimated that maintaining intact marriages would save billions of gallons of water, reduce housing demand, and significantly lower electricity use. These findings reveal an often-overlooked truth: divorce contributes to environmental unsustainability. In contrast, Jesus’ call to unity and reconciliation in marriage promotes not only social stability but environmental responsibility. As divorce becomes increasingly normalised, it adds to the growing challenge of achieving sustainable development, both now and in the future.
When married couples divorce it is hard to not see the impact their decisions have on the environment. Divorce often requires the creation of additional households, resulting in the use of more land for housing placing pressure on natural habitats, driving biodiversity loss and displacement of flora and fauna. These new homes must also be furnished, often with furniture and appliances once served in a shared household. While second-hand goods and appliances are an option, consumer preference often lean towards new products, further driving manufacturing demands and depleting natural resources.[1] The manufacturing of these goods also increases energy consumption, which then contributes to a larger carbon footprint. Research by Liu and Yu (2003) found that divorced American households consumed 42-61% more limited resources (water, land, energy) per person than married households. They estimated that maintaining intact marriages would save 627 billion gallons of water, 38 million fewer rooms required, and 73 billion kWh less electricity used. These figures reveal an often-overlooked truth: divorce contributes to environmental unsustainability. In contrast, Jesus’ call to unity and reconciliation in marriage offers not only social but also environmental sustainability. As divorce becomes increasingly normalised, it adds to the burden of achieving sustainable development – now and into the future.
[1] Lea Becker Frahm, and Casper
Boks, “It’s Intertwined! Barriers and Motivations for Second-hand Product
Consumption,” Circular Economy and Sustainability 15 (2025): 665; B.B.S.
Parihar, “Consumer Behaviour Across Various Family Life Cycle Stages – A Case
Study of Home Appliance Market,” Amity
Journal of Management 5, no. 2 (2017): 9.

